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Book synopsis

The constitutive relations traditionally used for finding shear stress and heat flux in a fluid become invalid in non-equilibrium flow. Their derivation from kinetic theory only demonstrates they are valid only for small deviations from equilibrium. Because it is fundamentally linked to non-equilibrium, entropy generation is used to investigate the limits of the continuum constitutive relations. However, the continuum equations are inherently limited to near equilibrium conditions due to the constitutive relations; thus kinetic theory may be used as a basis for comparison. Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC), a particle method alternative to continuum methods, is based on kinetic theory and is used to develop a flow solution for benchmark comparison. Solutions were obtained for hypersonic flow over two axi-symmetric geometries using both a continuum solver and DSMC. Formulations for entropy generation are presented for each method, and the two solutions are compared. The continuum solutions fail to capture regions of non-equilibrium as evidenced by thicker shocks in the DSMC solution. To extend the useful range of the continuum constitutive relations, the Lennard-Jones model is offered as an alternative to Sutherland's Law for calculating viscosity and thermal conductivity. The two are compared, and parameters offering a good fit for these flows are suggested for the Lennard-Jones model.

Book details

Book category Books in English Society & social sciences Education

• Full title: Quantifying Non-Equilibrium in Hypersonic Flows Using Entropy Generation
• Author: Ryan W Carr
• Language: English
• Binding: Paperback
• Number of pages: 130
• EAN: 9781288331420
• ISBN: 9781288331420
• ID: 08244146
• Publisher: Biblioscholar
• Weight: 245 g
• Dimensions: 246 × 189 × 7 mm
• Date of publishing: 01. November 2012

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